About stochastic processes in general. Discrete-time Markov Chain. Transition probabilities matrix, Chapman-Kolmogorov equations. First passage (or return) probabilities and distribution of first passage (or return) time. State classification. Recurrent states, transient states, absorbing periodic states, aperiodic states. Classes of communicating states. Closed classes. The canonical form of the transition matrix. Limiting behavior of states, ergodic theorem, stationary distribution. Random walks. The Gambler’s Ruin.
Continuous-time Markov Chains. Generator matrix, Kolmogorov equations, limiting behavior of states.